PostgreSQL Data Types

“Standard” types

• numeric, floating-point
• string
• Boolean
• date/time
• UUID
• Universally Unique Identifies.
• 16 bytes of storage.
• Example: d5f28c97-b962-43be-9cf8-ca1632182e8e
• XML
• XML type is just a text data type.
• The advantage is that it checks that the XML is well-formed.
• json, jsonB
• Text Search Type:
• Two data types which are designed to support full-text search.
• Money

Special Data types

• Network Address
• Network information like IP address.
• Using Network Address Types has following advantages
• Storage Space Saving
• Input error checking
• Functions like searching data by subnet
• Geometric
• Represent two-dimensional spatial objects.
• They help perform operations like rotations, scaling, translation, etc.
• Enumerated
• A set of values. 
• While inserting, it checks that the value is from the declared set.
• The ordering of the values in an enum type is the order in which the values were listed when the type was created.
• Example:
• ('sad', 'ok', 'happy’);
• In this example: ‘ok’ > ‘sad’ and < ‘happy’.
• Range
• Data in ranges.
• Can be a range of numeric and dates.
• Pseudo-Types
• special-purpose entries.
• Any, An array, Any element, Any enum, Nonarray, Cstring, Internal, Language_handler, Record, Trigger.

Custom data types - Composite Types

PostgreSQL user has the ability to create his own data types based on existing ones (composite types, ranges, arrays, enumerations).

CREATE TYPE inventory_item AS (name text, id integer)

SELECT item.name FROM on_hand WHERE item.price > 9.99;

INSERT INTO mytab (complex_col) VALUES((1.1,2.2));

UPDATE mytab SET complex_col = ROW(1.1,2.2) WHERE ...;

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/rowtypes.html

More about PostgreSQL data types: https://www.guru99.com/postgresql-data-types.html