RANK OVER, DENSE_RANK OVER

--Returns the rank of a result set:

SELECT StamTableId, StamTableStr, colIntA, 

RANK() OVER (ORDER BY colIntA) as Rank_over

FROM StamTable

--Returns the rank of rows of a result set, without any gaps in the ranking:

SELECT StamTableId, StamTableStr, colIntA, 

DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY colIntA) as Rank_over

FROM StamTable

--Returns the rank of rows within the partition of a result set, without any gaps in the ranking:

SELECT StamTableId, StamTableStr, colIntA, 

RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY StamTableStr ORDER BY StamTableStr, colIntA) as Rank_over

FROM StamTable

RANK():

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176102.aspx

DENSE_RANK():

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173825.aspx